Randy Laws Nautical Sciences, Unit Four, Chapter One: Astronomy & Astronomical Observations 6 600 0 The study of the stars and other heavenly bodies, their composition, motion, position and size, is known as what?10001AstronomyCorrect! The product of astronomy is a greater knowledge and understanding of the universe.11001AstrologyNope. Astrology is a pseudo-science that purports to foretell the future by the positioning of the stars and planets.001AstrophysicsSorry. You are close, but astrophysics is a branch of the astronomy dealing specifically with the physics of astronomical objects and phenomena. 001CosmologySorry. Cosmology is the study of the origin, evolution, structure and composition of the Universe as a whole. 001GeologyNope. Geology is the study of the planet earth, including the materials of which it is made.001Astronomers and other scientists that <a href="javascript:alert('To reflect or think deeply on a subject')">speculate </a>on the nature of the universe are called what?10001CosmologistsRight! The study of the nature of the universe is known as Cosmology.11001AstrologersNope. An Astrologer is someone who claims to be able to predict the future by the positions of the planets and sun and moon.001AstrophysicistsSorry. An Astrophysicist is an astronomer who studies the physical properties of celestial bodies.001UniversalistsNope. Universalists believe in the philosophy that there are ethical standards that apply to all situations regardless of the individual, group, or culture. 001Deep ThinkersSorry. While they may indeed be deep thinkers, this is not the term we use to describe astronomers and other scientists that concentrate on the nature of the universe.001Who first proposed the expanding-universe or "Big Bang" theory?10001Georges LemaitreExcellent! This Belgian astronomer first proposed this theory in 1927 and since that time it has been supported by many other scientists and a growing body of scientific data.11001Sir Isaac NewtonSorry. Sir Isaac Newton is credited with inventing, among several things, the first reflecting telescope.001Galileo GalileiSorry. Galileo invented the refracting telescope in 1609.001Albert EinsteinNope. Albert Einstein, a well-known mathematician, is best remembered for his theory of relativity.001Edwin HubbleNope. Hubble was a prominent astronomer that was first able to find physical evidence to support the Big Bang Theory.001Which of the following statements about observatories is false?10001The telescope and its cameras are operated by astronomers wearing heavy clothing as a protection against the cold.Correct. While astronomers often wear heavy clothing since the inside and outside temperatures are the same, today the telescope and its cameras are computer controlled.11001They must be dark inside and out.Nope. It has to remain dark so that time-exposure photography will not be interfered with in any way.001They must be the same temperature inside and out.Nope. Any difference in temperature might affect the telescope's lenses and mirrors, blurring the photography.001They should be located where there is a steady atmosphere.Sorry. A location where the atmosphere is steady allows for more precise photography.001The location should afford a maximum number of clear nights.Sorry. The more clear nights you have in a year, the more work you can get done!001On what does the amount of light a telescope can collect depend?10001On the area of its main lens.Right. The larger the main lens, the more light that can be gathered.11001On the darkness of the night sky.Nope. Darker nights are preferred because they limit the amount of "pollution" lighting that makes its way into the telescope, but having that extra lighting or not doesn't limit the amount of light a telescope can collect.001On the steady nature of the atmosphere above the telescope.Nope. While this is important to ensure a crisp and clear image, it doesn't have anything to do with the amount of light that a telescope can collect.001On the size and shape of its eyepiece.Sorry. The eyepiece simply focuses and uses the light that is already available within the telescope.001On the size and shape of the telescope tube.Sorry. Although larger telescopes do have the ability to gather more light, it isn't because their tubes are of larger size.001Which type of telescope uses two lenses?10001A refracting telescopeExcellent. There is a single lens called the objective lens at the far end of the telescope and an eyepiece lens at the front end of the telescope which magnifies the image from the objective lens, making the image appear closer and enlarged.11001A reflecting telescopeNope. Reflecting telescopes have a single eyepiece lens and a objective mirror.001A Newtonian reflectorSorry. Newtonian reflectors have a single lens and a flat secondary mirror which reflects light and brings it into a focus at the side of the telescope.001A Cassegrain reflectorSorry. Cassegrain reflectors have a secondary mirror that causes the light to focus behind the objective mirror. In this case, the objective mirror must have a hole in the center to allow light to pass through.001Space telescopesNope. While telescopes in space could use two lenses, this is not the name of the type of telescopes that always use two lenses.001Where is the largest refracting telescope in the world located?10001Williams Bay, WisconsinCorrect! Located on the shore of Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, this telescope is operated by the University of Chicago. It has an objective lens diameter of 41 inches.11001Flagstaff, ArizonaNope. Flagstaff is the site of the U.S. Naval Observatory. This observatory houses a 61-inch reflecting telescope.001Mauna Kea, HawaiiNope. Mauna Kea is the home of the world's largest conventional reflecting telescope.001Mount Palomar, CaliforniaSorry. While a large refracting telescope is located at Mount Palomar, it isn't the largest in the world.001Socorro, New MexicoSorry. You may be thinking about the array of radiotelescopes located in Socorro.001Who is credited with inventing the first reflecting telescope?10001Sir Isaac NewtonRight! Newton's invention in 1672 allowed astronomers to get past the limitation of lens size, which current technology limits to about 40 inches in diameter.11001Georges LemaitreSorry. Lemaitre was a Belgian astronomer who first proposed the Big Bang theory in 1927. Since that time it has been supported by many other scientists and a growing body of scientific data.001Galileo GalileiSorry. Galileo invented the refracting telescope in 1609.001Albert EinsteinNope. Albert Einstein, a well-known mathematician, is best remembered for his theory of relativity.001Edwin HubbleNope. Hubble was a prominent astronomer that was first able to find physical evidence to support the Big Bang Theory.001What type of telescope uses an objective mirror in place of the objective lens?10001A reflecting telescopeExcellent! This slightly <a href="javascript:alert('Inwardly curving')">concave </a>mirror forms an image which is then reflected by a secondary mirror to where the eyepiece magnifier is mounted.11001A refracting telescopeSorry. Refracting telescopes have two lenses and do not use mirrors.001A spectrographSorry. Spectrographs are not telescopes. They filter light through a prism to divide the light into separate bands corresponding to individual wavelengths. Analyzing the resultant spectrogram allows astronomers to determine what elements are present in the stars and the planets.001A radiotelescopeNope. Radiotelescopes do not use lenses or mirrors.001A Cassegrain refractorNope. There is no such thing as a Cassegrain refractor. There is, however, a Cassegrain reflector which uses an objective mirror.001What is the difference between a Newtonian Reflector and a Cassegrain Reflector?10001Newtonian Reflectors focus the image to the side of the telescope while Cassegrain Reflectors focus it to the back of the telescope.Correct. This allows Cassegrain Reflectors to be smaller and easier to use than Newtonian Reflectors.11001Cassegrain Reflectors focus the image to the side of the telescope while Newtonian Reflectors focus it to the back of the telescope.Nope. Cassegrain Reflectors have a hole in the middle of their objective mirrors that allows the image to focus to the back of the telescope.001Newtonian Reflectors use two lenses and do not have mirrors.Sorry. Reflecting telescopes do not have two lenses, but instead replace the objective lens with an objective mirror.001Cassegrain Reflectors use two lenses and do not have mirrors.Sorry. Reflecting telescopes do not have two lenses, but instead replace the objective lens with an objective mirror.001There is a hole in the objective mirror of a Newtonian Reflector while there is not one on a Cassegrain Reflector.Nope. It's actually the other way around.001With this type of telescope, the secondary mirror causes the light to focus behind the objective mirror.10001Cassegrain ReflectorRight. The objective mirror must have a hold in the center to allow light to pass through in this type of telescope.11001Newtonian ReflectorSorry. While Newtonian reflecting telescopes use a secondary mirror, it causes the light to focus at the side of the telescope, not behind the objective mirror.001RefractingSorry. Refracting telescopes have two lenses and do not use mirrors.001RadiotelescopeNope. Radiotelescopes do not use lenses or mirrors.001SpectrographNope. Spectrographs are not telescopes. They filter light through a prism to divide the light into separate bands corresponding to individual wavelengths. Analyzing the resultant spectrogram allows astronomers to determine what elements are present in the stars and the planets.001What is the world's largest conventional reflecting telescope having a single primary mirror?10001The Subaru telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatory, HawaiiExcellent. It is also the site of the world's largest submillimeter telescope as well.11001The U.S. Naval Observatory at Flagstaff, ArizonaSorry. The U.S. Navy can't lay claim to this title. There is a larger telescope of this type than the one at the U.S. Naval Observatory.001The Yerkes Observatory at Williams Bay on Lake Geneva, WisconsinSorry. This is the site of the world's largest refracting telescope. It is operated there by the University of Chicago.001The National Radio Astronomy Observatory at Socorro, New MexicoNope. As the name would imply, this is a site of a number of radiotelescopes tied together to act as one.001The Jodrell Bank Observatory at Cheshire, England.Nope. This is the site of a large radiotelescope however, measuring 250 feet in diameter.001What is the name of the technique where the signals from two or more telescopes at separate locations are combined?10001Optical interferometryCorrect! Using this technique, the resulting image is equal to that which would be created by a very large telescope.11001Electromagnetic spectrum analysisSorry. This type of research involves using spectrographs to analyze the light given out by heavenly bodies to determine their composition. 001RadioastronomySorry. Radioastronomy is simply astronomy using radiotelescopes instead of optical or other types of telescopes.001SETINope. SETI stands for the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Also known as Project Phoenix, this is a publicly and privately funded project that scans the 1,000 closest stars on all frequencies in the microwave region that might indicate intelligent origin.001CosmologyNope. Cosmology is the study of the origin, evolution, structure and composition of the Universe as a whole. 001What instrument do astronomers use to study light from celestial bodies to determine the amount of hydrogen, helium, and other elements in them?10001A spectrographRight! Using a prism, the light is broken down into its components. Absorption lines within the resulting graph indicate what elements are present in the celestial object.11001A Newtonian reflectorSorry. This is a type of reflecting telescope and allows us to view or take photographs of celestial objects, but doesn't give us information on their make-up.001A Cassegrain reflectorSorry. This is a type of reflecting telescope and allows us to view or take photographs of celestial objects, but doesn't give us information on their make-up.001A radiotelescopeNope. Radiotelescopes do not receive or study light, but instead examine other electromagnetic energy emitted by stars and other celestial bodies.001A sputnikNope. Sputnik was the name given to the first series of satellites launched in the late 1950s and early 1960s by the Soviet Union. Sputnik I was the first manmade satellite.001Which of the following statements about radiotelescopes is incorrect?10001Because of the nature of radio waves, radiotelescopes cannot match the precision of optical telescopes.Excellent! When placed within arrays, such as the one located at Socorro, New Mexico, radiotelescopes can produce images that rival optical telescopes in precision.11001They must be larger than optical telescopes because radio waves are longer than light waves.Sorry. Radiotelescopes observe very low wavelength signals. Shorter wavelength signals are bounced or scattered off of our atmosphere. Because of this fact these types of telescopes must have extremely large dishes.001They do not require the precision of optical telescopes.Sorry. Optical telescopes require precision to a millionth of an inch in some cases, whereas radiotelescopes do well with a 1/2 inch precision.001The antenna dishes can be made of wire mesh.Sorry. Because radiotelescopes do not require the precision of optical telescopes, they can be made out of such materials.001They must be very sensitive to detect faint radio waves from space.Nope. The radio waves arriving at the Earth are very faint, and only sensitive instruments will detect them.001Where is the world's largest steerable radiotelescope located?10001At the Robert Byrd Observatory in Green Bank, West VirginiaCorrect. Its dish is oval-shaped, 328 by 361 feet.11001The Arecibo Observatory at Arecibo, Puerto RicoSorry. This is the site of the world's largest stationary radiotelescope, not the largest steerable radiotelescope.001At the Mauna Kea Observatory, HawaiiSorry. This is the site of the world's largest conventional relfecting telescope.001At the Jodrell Bank Observatory in Cheshire, EnglandNope. This is the site of a large radiotelescope however, with a diameter of 250 feet.001At the Yerkes Observatory at Williams Bay on Lake Geneva, WisconsinNope. This is the site of the world's largest refracting telescope, operated by the University of Chicago.001Which of the following is NOT a site of a large radiotelescope?10001The U.S. Naval Observatory at Flagstaff, ArizonaRight. While the U.S. Naval Observatory has a large optical telescope, it is not the site of a major radiotelescope.11001The Robert Byrd Observatory at Green Bank, West VirginiaSorry. This is the site of the world's largest steerable radiotelescope. It has an oval-shaped dish measuring 328 by 361 feet.001The Eifel Mountain Observatory near Bonn, GermanyNope. The radiotelescope at this location has a dish measuring 328 feet in diameter.001The Jodrell Bank Observatory at Cheshire, EnglandSorry. The radiotelescope at this location has a dish measuring 250 feet in diameter.001The Arecibo Observatory at Arecibo, Puerto RicoSorry. This is the site of the world's largest stationary radiotelescope, with a diameter of 1,000 feet.001Where is the world's largest stationary radiotelescope located?10001At the Arecibo Observatory in Arecibo, Puerto RicoExcellent. This dish was built into an old crater and measures 1,000 feet across.11001At the Eifel Mountain Observatory near Bonn, GermanyNope. There is a large radiotelescope at this location with a dish measuring 328 feet in diameter.001At the Jodrell Bank Observatory in Cheshire, EnglandNope. There is a large radiotelescope at this location with a dish measuring 250 feet in diameter.001At the Robert Byrd Observatory in Green Bank, West VirginiaSorry. This is the site of the world's largest steerable radiotelescope, not the largest stationary radiotelescope.001At the U.S. Naval Observatory in Flagstaff, ArizonaNope. While the Navy maintains a large optical telescope there, it doesn’t maintain a large radiotelescope.001What is special about the National Radio Astronomy Observatory at Socorro, New Mexico?10001It combines a number of small radiotelescopes via computer control to form the equivalent of a giant radiotelescope.Correct! There are 30 individual radiotelescopes that make up this array.11001It is the location of the world's largest stationary radiotelescope.Nope. The world's largest stationary radiotelescope is located at the Arecibo Observatory near Arecibo, Puerto Rico.001It is the location of the world's largest steerable radiotelescope.Sorry. The world's largest steerable radiotelescope is located at the Robert Byrd Observatory at Green Bank, West Virginia.001It is the site of the world's largest conventional reflecting telescope.Nope. This honor belongs to the Subaru telescope located at the Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii.001It has an array of radar telescopes which allows the accurate measurement of distances to objects within our solar system.Sorry. The radiotelescopes at this location are not radar telescopes.001What celestial objects look like normal stars yet emit hundreds of times more energy than most galaxies?10001QuasarsRight! Quasars release incredible amounts of energy and are among the oldest and farthest objects in the known universe.11001PulsarsSorry. Pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit energy along their gravitational axis. This energy is received as pulses as the stars rotate. 001CoronasSorry. Coronas are given off by stars and while they do emit electromagnetic energy, it isn't this strong, nor do the coronas of stars look like the stars themselves.001SETIsNope. SETI stands for a program called the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. It is a government and private program, not a celestial object.001Black HolesNope. Black Holes do emit massive amounts of energy, but they do not allow light to escape and thus do not look like ordinary stars. They are invisible to the optical telescope.001What celestial objects are thought to be rapidly rotating compressed stars in the last stages of stellar life?10001PulsarsExcellent! Pulsars are spinning neutron stars that emit energy along their gravitational axis. This energy is received as pulses as the stars rotate. 11001QuasarsSorry. Quasars are considered quasi-stellar objects; objects far from Earth, moving extremely swiftly away from Earth, and emitting visible light and radio frequency radiation. 001Black HolesNope. Black Holes are thought to be the remains of the death and collapse of an extremely massive star. The gravitational pull of a black hole is so strong that light itself cannot escape. 001CoronasSorry. Coronas are the very hot outer layer of a star's atmosphere, composed of highly diffused, superheated, ionized gases, and extending into interplanetary space. 001SETIsNope. SETI stands for a program called the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. It is a government and private program, not a celestial object.001What type of telescopes can measure accurate distances to celestial objects near the earth?10001Radar TelescopesCorrect. These telescopes add in a radar transmitter to a regular radiotelescopes and measure the time required for a signal to bounce off a distant object and return. The closer the object to Earth, the more precise the measurement.11001RadiotelescopesNope. A normal radio telescope is only equipped to receive radio waves, and a determination of distance to an object cannot be obtained in this way. Something has to be added for this to happen, and that changes the name of the instrument.001Cassegrain ReflectorsSorry. This is a type of optical telescope. While they can magnify the image of a distant object, they cannot measure the distance to that object.001Newtonian ReflectorsSorry. This is a type of optical telescope. While they can magnify the image of a distant object, they cannot measure the distance to that object.001SpectrographsNope. Spectrographs are used to break down the incoming light from celestial objects so that it can be analyzed to determine what elements make up the object.001What is the name of the effort to scan microwave frequencies of the 1,000 closest stars to Earth in search of radio transmissions of intelligent origin?10001SETIRight. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence group, located in Berkeley, CA, has been searching for more than 40 years for intelligent life. 11001OSOSorry. OSO stands for Orbiting Solar Observatories. Between 1962 and 1975 a total of eight of these observatories were launched into orbit around the Earth to study the Sun.001HubbleNope. The Hubble is a telescope launched by the U.S. that remains in orbit around the Earth and has provided photographs of outstanding clarity for over 10 years.001SputnikNope. Sputnik I was the first man-made satellite to ever orbit the Earth. It was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957.001COBESorry. COBE stands for the Cosmic Background Explorer satellite launched in 1992 to investigate evidence supporting the Big Bang Theory.001Which of the following is NOT an advantage of balloon astronomy over spacecraft astronomy?10001Balloon-mounted telescopes can get clearer images of objects than spacecraft-based telescopes.Excellent. Even though balloons can get through 99% of Earth's atmosphere, spacecraft get all the way through it and have an advantage when it comes to the sharpness of their images.11001It is easier to carry tons of astronomical instruments onboard balloons.Nope. Balloons can more easily handle extra weight than can spacecraft. Because of this it is easier to carry people and extra equipment in balloons than spacecraft.001Balloons are much cheaper than spacecraft.Sorry. Balloons are much cheaper to build and operate and they can be reused over and over again.001Balloon observatories can easily carry people aloft in their gondolas.Nope. Balloons can more easily handle extra weight than can spacecraft. Because of this it is easier to carry people and extra equipment in balloons than spacecraft.001Pictures and other findings can be brought directly down to Earth, rather than sent by radio transmission.Sorry. The ability to bring the actual data back and not simply to send it back via radio is a big advantage of balloon observatories.001Which of the following is NOT an advantage of space-based telescopes over balloon-mounted telescopes?10001The ability to carry more equipment.Correct! Because a space-based system has to break free of the Earth's gravity and remain in orbit, weight is at a premium. This is not the case with balloons, which can easily carry tons of equipment aloft for short periods of time.11001They are more stable.Sorry. Space-based systems are extremely stable since there is no atmospheric effects acting on them. This is not the case for balloon-based systems.001They are self-propelled.Sorry. Balloons are not self-propelled, and this can cause some problems with the winds aloft are different than predicted.001They don't have problems with distortions caused by the Earth's atmosphereNope. Balloons only go up through 99% of the Earth's atmosphere. Space-based systems go all the way through. That 1% does account for some difference in distortion.001All of these are advantages of space-based telescopes over balloon-mounted telescopes.Nope. There is one listed that is not an advantage for space-based systems.001The launch of what satellite marked the beginning of the space age?10001Sputnik IRight! For a 184-pound aluminum sphere that spent just three months in orbit and didn't do much more than emit radio beeps, Sputnik I was one big deal.11001Explorer ISorry. While the Explorer I was the first U.S. satellite put into space, it came four months after the very first satellite was launched.001SkylabSorry. The U.S.-launched Skylab, manned in 1973 and 1974, came well into the space age era.001GalileoNope. Galileo, a probe of Jupiter, was lunched in 1979, well into the space age.001Voyager INope. Voyager I was launched in 1977, well into the space age era.001What was the name of the first U.S. satellite?10001Explorer IExcellent! Launched four months after Sputnik I, it was the second man-made satellite to be launched. It was the first time a scientific instrument was put into space. It contained a device designed to map the Earth's magnetic field.11001Sputnik INope. Sputnik I was the very first man-made satellite, but it was launched by the Soviet Union, not the U.S.001SkylabSorry. The U.S.-launched Skylab, manned in 1973 and 1974, came well into the space age era.001Voyager ISorry. Voyager I was launched in 1977, well into the space age era. The U.S. had already put a man on the Moon by the.001MIR INope. The MIR was a space station launched and operated by Russia between 1986 and 2001.001Which of the following spacecraft was NOT manned?10001GalileoCorrect. Galileo was an unmanned probe that studied Jupiter and several of its moons.11001SkylabSorry. Skylab was manned between May of 1973 and February of 1974.001MirNope. Although there were periods of time when the Russian Mir went unmanned, it was manned for the vast majority of its life.001The International Space StationNope. The International Space Station has spent some time unmanned, but it is designed to be manned and is currently manned.001Gemini IIISorry. Gemini III was the first U.S. manned spaceflight.001Which of the following is NOT one of the phases of the study of our solar system by manned and unmanned spacecraft since 1957?10001ExperimentationRight. Although ground experimentation and validation takes place on the ground and is important, it isn't considered to be a distinct phase of the study of our solar system.11001All of these are distinct phases.Sorry. There is one on the list that is not a distinct phase.001ReconnaissanceSorry. This phase consists of flybys, photography, and, more recently, TV imaging.001ExplorationNope. This phase involves the use of orbiter and probe spacecraft to do detailed mapping and measurement.001Intensive StudyNope. This phase uses manned and unmanned landers and space probes for close-up examination and experimentation.001Which phase of the study of our solar system involves the use of orbiter and probe spacecraft to do detailed mapping and measurement?10001The Exploration PhaseExcellent. This is considered to be the second of the three phases. The Reconnaissance Phase comes before this and the Intensive Study Phase after it.11001The Reconnaissance PhaseSorry. This phase consists of flybys, photography, and, more recently, TV imaging.001The Intensive Study PhaseSorry. This phase uses manned and unmanned landers and space probes for close-up examination and experimentation.001The Experimentation PhaseNope. There is no such phase in the study of our solar system. What experimentation needs to take place occurs on the Earth before launch.001The Probe PhaseNope. You didn't think it would be that easy, did you? There is no such distinct phase in the study of our solar system.001Which phase of the study of our solar system consists of flybys, photography, and, more recently, TV imaging.10001The Reconnaissance PhaseCorrect! This is the very first phase in this study and provides the necessary data to continue on with the other two phases of study.11001The Exploration PhaseSorry. The Exploration Phase involves the use of orbiter and probe spacecraft to do detailed mapping and measurement.001The Intensive Study PhaseSorry. This phase uses manned and unmanned landers and space probes for close-up e3xamination and experimentation.001The Experimentation PhaseNope. There is no such phase in the study of our solar system. What experimentation needs to take place occurs on the Earth before launch.001The Probe PhaseNope. There is no such named phase in the study of our solar system.001Approximately how many spacecraft made up the U.S. Explorer series?1000150Right! In total they provided a wealth of information related to the Earth, the Moon and the Sun.11001100Nope. It was significantly less than that.00125Sorry. There were more spacecraft in this particular series.00130Sorry. There were more spacecraft in this particular series.00110Nope. It was quite a bit more than that.001The series of 8 spacecraft called the OSO series studied all of the following except....10001The Earth's MagnetosphereExcellent! OSO stands for Orbiting Solar Observatories, so it makes sense that this particular series of spacecraft would study data related to the Sun's activity. The Earth's Magnetosphere was studied in depth by the earlier Explorer series of spacecraft.11001The Sun's CoronaSorry. The intense study of solar-related data such as this was the highlight of the OSO mission.001Solar FlaresSorry. The intense study of solar-related data such as this was the highlight of the OSO mission.001The Sun's X-Ray activity Nope. The intense study of solar-related data such as this was the highlight of the OSO mission.001The Sun's Ultraviolet activity Nope. The intense study of solar-related data such as this was the highlight of the OSO mission.001What was the first series of U.S. spacecraft to explore other planets in our solar system?10001MarinerCorrect. Mariner II, launched in 1962, became the first U.S. spacecraft to explore another world when it flew by Venus.11001ExplorerSorry. The Explorer series was the first series of U.S. spacecraft and concentrated their efforts on the Earth, the Moon and the Sun.001The Orbiting Solar Observatories (OSO)Nope. As the name implies, these observatories were launched to obtain data on the Sun, not the planets.001PioneerSorry. While Pioneer 10 and 11 did explore Jupiter and Saturn, it was in the early 1970s. 10 years before another series of U.S. spacecraft had flown by Venus and Mercury.001SputnikNope. This was the name of a series of Soviet spacecraft and they did not explore other planets.001What was the first artificial satellite to escape our solar system?10001Pioneer 10Right. Pioneer 10 crossed the orbit of Pluto in 1986 and was the farthest man-made object from Earth until it was passed up by Voyager I on February 17th, 1998.11001Voyager IISorry. Voyager II did escape our solar system, but it was only the fourth object to do so, not the first.001Mariner IINope. Mariner II was the first U.S. satellite to explore another planet--Venus.001Explorer INope. Explorer I was the first U.S.-launched satellite, but it fell back into the Earth's atmosphere and did not escape our solar system.001Voyager ISorry. While Voyager I did escape our solar system and is currently the farthest-out man-made object, it wasn't the first to do so.001What series of U.S. spacecraft were the first to land on Mars?10001VikingExcellent. Two Viking landers made soft landing on the Martian surface in the mid-1970's.11001MarinerSorry. While the Mariner series did focus on Mars, they only performed fly bys and surveys of the planet surface.001GalileoNope. The goal of Galileo was the study of Jupiter and its Moons.001ApolloSorry. The goal of the Apollo program was landing a man on the Moon. That was accomplished in 1969.001ExplorerNope. The Explorer series was the first series of U.S. spacecraft. It concentrated on studies of Earth, the Moon and the Sun.001What U.S. spacecraft produced the first detailed radar maps of Venus?10001MagellanCorrect! It arrived off of Venus in 1991 and continued its mission until 1994, when it made an intentional plunge into the Venusian atmosphere.11001MarinerSorry. One of the Mariner series, Mariner II, did a fly by of Venus but it was not the spacecraft that conducted the first radar mapping of the planet.001GalileoSorry. The Galileo spacecraft concentrated its exploration on Jupiter and its Moons.001VikingNope. The Viking series of spacecraft focused on Mars with the ultimate landing of two spacecraft of the series on Mars.001ExplorerNope. The Explorer series was the first series of U.S. spacecraft. It concentrated on studies of Earth, the Moon and the Sun.001What was the name of the spacecraft that focused on the study of Jupiter and its Moons?10001GalileoRight! Enroute to Jupiter Galileo also studied the asteroids Gaspra and Ida and sent back several pictures of them.11001MarinerSorry. The Mariner series focused on the detailed study of Mars to prepare for the Viking landings on the surface of Mars.001VikingSorry. The Viking series of spacecraft focused on Mars with the ultimate landing of two spacecraft of the series on Mars.001ExplorerNope. The Explorer series was the first series of U.S. spacecraft. It concentrated on studies of Earth, the Moon and the Sun.001SkylabNope. Skylab was a near-Earth orbit manned space mission that conducted solar studies.001What were the first and the last Apollo missions to the Moon where astronauts actually walked on the surface?10001Apollo 11 and Apollo 17Excellent! Apollo 11, the first manned landing on the Moon, happened in 1969. Apollo 17, the last manned mission to the Moon, happened in 1972. We've never sent a manned mission back to the Moon since then.11001Apollo 13 and Apollo 17Sorry. Don't you remember the movie "Apollo 13"? Apollo 13 never made a Moon landing and had to return to Earth.001Apollo 11 and Apollo 13Sorry. Don't you remember the movie "Apollo 13"? Apollo 13 never made a Moon landing and had to return to Earth.001Apollo 1 and Apollo 20Nope. The Apollo series did not go up to 20.001Apollo 11 and Apollo 20Nope. The Apollo series did not go up to 20.001What NASA mission to Saturn arrived in July of 2004?10001CassiniCorrect. It will then begin a four-year mission that includes more than 70 orbits around the ringed planet and its moons.11001GalileoSorry. The Galileo spacecraft concentrated its study on Jupiter and its Moons rather than Saturn.001VoyagerSorry. The Voyager series of spacecraft visited Saturn long ago and are currently well-beyond the limits of our solar system.001HubbleNope. Hubble is the name of the space telescope placed in orbit around the Earth in April of 1990. It has been providing high-quality images ever since, but it is due to be retired in the near future.001ApolloNope. The Apollo series of spacecraft were first designed to explore and later to land men on the surface of the Moon.001 This is an Closed Book, Multiple-choice exercise. Use your mouse to click the box next to the most correct answer. If you fail to select the correct answer you must try again until you select the correct answer. Correct! Sorry! Try again. Your answer is partly wrong: Please enter a guess. Next correct letter in the answer: Correct answers: Show answer 0 0 http://www.home.gci.net/~njrotc/default.html 0 1 0 1 1 1 25 2 1 0 0 Your score is :-) X Questions answered correctly first time: Your time is over! => <= Return to the Naval Science 2 Homepage 0 1 0 http://njrotc.org/NS2/NS2index.htm Arial Rounded MT Bold #ffff00 #000000 #c0c0c0 #000000 #0000ff #ff0000 #c0c0c0 Please enter your name: This is string #1 This is string #2 This is string #3 Questions answered correctly first time: Check OK Next Previous Hint Show all questions Show questions one by one 0 0