Nautical Science Unit 2 Practice Exercise

Under the oceans of the world, what is the average depth of the Earth's crust?
1. 20 miles
2. 40 miles
3. 10 to 20 miles
4. 3 to 10 miles
5. 30 to 50 miles
Wave height on the open ocean depends on three main factors: Wind speed, duration of the wind, and what?
1. The spacing of the waves
2. Length of the fetch
3. Salinity of the water
4. Temperature of the water
5. Depth of the water
The textbook gives four primary reasons that closer attention is now being given to the oceans by nearly all nations. Which one of the following is NOT one of the four reasons?
1. Social
2. Political
3. Religious
4. Economic
5. Strategic
What do Zooplankton feed on?
1. Small Fish
2. Dinoflagellata
3. Krill
4. Shellfish
5. Phytoplankton
Enormous plains of mud deep in the oceans created from silt carried out to sea from rivers are called what?
1. Submarine fans
2. Continental shelves
3. Turbidity currents
4. Turbidity fields
5. Submarine currents
What is the name of the shrimp like animals that attack telephone, electric power and underwater pipelines?
1. Phytoplankton
2. Ectoplankton
3. Krill
4. Gribbles
5. Zooplankton
What is the process of evaporation, condensation and return of water to the sea by way of precipitation called?
1. The moisture transportation cycle.
2. The rainfall cycle.
3. The humidity effect
4. The hydrologic cycle.
5. The transpiration process.
Currently, what percentage of the overall diet for humans comes from the sea?
1. Ten percent
2. Fifteen percent
3. Twenty five percent
4. One percent
5. Four percent
What instruments are used to return samples of seawater taken from various depths of the ocean?
1. Fathometers
2. Piston corers
3. Bathythermographs
4. Swallow buoys
5. Nansen Bottles
Which type of sea mammals have a fine mesh sieve in their mouths and feed on plankton and krill?
1. Killer whales
2. Dolphins
3. Porpoises
4. Sperm whales
5. Baleen whales
What is the most common technique to bring up samples of the deep ocean seabed?
1. There is no known method to bring up samples of the deep ocean seabed.
2. Coring
3. Using mini-submarines to extract small areas of the ocean bottom.
4. Deep-sea divers using pressure suits and diving helmets.
5. Using deep-sea nets to capture sections of the seabed and bring them up.
What bodies of seawater tend to have the highest concentrations of salt?
1. Land-locked lakes
2. Gulfs and bays
3. The Mediterranean and Red Seas
4. The open oceans
5. Lagoons
What is the term used to describe when a part of a line of waves changes direction or bends because of shallower water?
1. Breakwater
2. Groins
3. Surge barrier
4. Reflection
5. Refraction
What surf height is considered to be the critical height for normal amphibious landings on an average beach?
1. Ten feet
2. 12 feet
3. Four feet
4. Six feet
5. Two feet
The volcano Mauna Loa is located in what island chain?
1. The Samoan Islands
2. The Society Islands
3. The Gilbert Islands
4. The Caroline Islands
5. The Hawaiian Islands
What depth is generally accepted by most maritime nations of the world for a continental shelf?
1. 12 nautical miles
2. Out to 200 meters.
3. Out to 100 meters
4. Out to 200 fathoms
5. Out to 100 fathoms
What science is concerned with the nature of the universe and its origin?
1. Geography
2. Astrophysics
3. Cosmology
4. NASA
5. Oceanography
Why is the Sargasso Sea have almost no phytoplankton?
1. There is no zooplankton for them to eat.
2. There is no upwelling in this area to provide the nutrients phytoplankton need.
3. This area has been cleaned out of phytoplankton by baleen whales.
4. Global warming has killed off the phytoplankton.
5. The El Nino effect
What name is given to scientists who live and perform research for extended periods of time underwater?
1. Aquanauts
2. Bathobiologists
3. Immersionists
4. Submariners
5. Submarine scientists
How is water significantly different than most other materials when heated and cooled?
1. It contracts until it's close to freezing then expands rapidly.
2. It expands as it is heated and contracts as it is cooled.
3. It expands as it nears freezing but then contracts rapidly when frozen.
4. Heat and cold have no effect on the volume of water.
5. It expands until it's close to freezing, then contracts rapidly.
What U.S. Navy sewage system enables sewage to be treated before it is discharged from a ship?
1. Anti-Biological Treatment Containers (ABTCs)
2. Collection, Holding, and Transfer Systems (CHTs)
3. Sewage Processing and Treatment Systems (SPTSs)
4. Light Water Processing Plants (LWPPs)
5. Marine Sanitation Devices (MSDs)
Which of the following oceans do NOT have sharks?
1. Indian Ocean
2. Pacific Ocean
3. South Atlantic Ocean
4. Sharks are found in all oceans.
5. North Atlantic Ocean
Approximately how many elements are known to exist in seawater?
1. 42
2. 33
3. 15
4. 67
5. 80
To which of the fish groups do Coelacanth belong?
1. Sturgeons
2. Large carnivores
3. Lungfish
4. Bottom fish
5. Commercial Fishes
If waste products are to be dumped from U.S. Navy ships, how far off the shore must the ship be?
1. At least 12 miles
2. At least 12 Kilometers
3. 100 miles
4. Waste products cannot be legally dumped off of U.S. Navy ships at sea.
5. 50 miles
What is the lithosphere?
1. The uppermost layer of the Earth's mantle.
2. The rigid outer crust of the Earth.
3. The molten outer core surrounding the Earth's nickel and iron inner core.
4. The solid inner core of the Earth.
5. The highest layer of the Earth's atmosphere.
What is the most common cause of ordinary sea waves?
1. Earthquakes
2. Upwelling
3. Wind
4. Submarine landslides
5. Solar flares
What is the smallest form of zooplankton?
1. Jellyfish
2. Dinoflagellata
3. Sea anemones
4. Algae
5. Protozoans.
What force broke up water molecules into separate atoms of hydrogen and oxygen in the Earth's early atmosphere?
1. Radiation from within the Earth.
2. The vacuum of space.
3. Radiation from the Sun.
4. The gravitational pull of the Earth.
5. The heat from volcanoes.
What is the normal worldwide range of temperature (Fahrenheit) of upper ocean water?
1. 28 degrees to 90 degrees.
2. 36 degrees to 85 degrees.
3. 32 degrees to 90 degrees.
4. 0 degrees to 26 degrees
5. 32 degrees to 85 degrees
Whitecaps will begin to form at about what wind speed?
1. 13 knots
2. 50 knots
3. 20 knots
4. 25 knots
5. 8 knots
What instrument is used on most Navy combatants to monitoring seawater temperature at various depths?
1. A echo sounder.
2. A bathythermograph
3. A Nansen bottle
4. A fathometer
5. A Forward Looking Infrared Receiver (FLIR)
What physical feature marks the major divisions of marine animals?
1. Eyes
2. A nervous system
3. Fins
4. Jaws
5. Backbones
Which color of light penetrates the farthest into ocean water?
1. Yellow
2. Green
3. Blue
4. Red
5. They all penetrate ocean water evenly.
What was the name of the volcano whose explosion in 1883 killed as many as 36,000 people due to tsunamis?
1. Mount Pelee
2. Java
3. Tangshan
4. Sumatra
5. Krakatoa
Phytoplankton are only found to exist in the upper ____ feet of water.
1. 50
2. 200
3. 75
4. 90
5. 10
Plants on land add to the amount of water vapor entering the air by what process?
1. The transpiration process
2. Photosynthesis
3. The irrigation process
4. The hydrologic cycle
5. Ambient hydration
Where does the Sargasso Sea lie?
1. In the Indian Ocean, between Pakistan and India.
2. In the North Atlantic Ocean off of the southeastern U.S. coast.
3. In the Pacific Ocean, off of the southwestern U.S. coast.
4. In the Arctic Ocean, off the coast of Russia.
5. In the Southern Atlantic Ocean, off of Brazil.
Which type of breaker occurs where there is a mild and gradual shape to the beach?
1. Rolling breaker
2. Sloping breaker
3. Plunging breaker
4. Surging breaker
5. Spilling breaker
Which of the following is NOT a type of poisonous marine invertebrate?
1. Mollusks
2. Bloodworms
3. Sea cucumbers
4. Bristleworms
5. Sea urchins
What is the only seabird that never comes onto the shore?
1. Frigate birds
2. Emperor penguins
3. The albatross
4. Parrot Fish
5. Sea eagles
What underwater exploration invention was developed by Auguste Piccard in 1948?
1. The DSRV
2. The bathyscaphe.
3. FLIP ship
4. SCUBA gear
5. Metal helmet diving suits
What is the name of the organisms that cause the Red Sea to appear to turn red?
1. Zooplankton
2. Lobsters
3. Phytoplankton
4. Dinoflagellata
5. Krill
What is the name of the Theory of the movement of the Earth's landmasses over time?
1. Continental Divide
2. Continental Migration
3. Plate Tectonics
4. Tectonic Drift
5. Continental Drift
What is the name given to waves up to 100 feet high that often occur following an earthquake?
1. Tsunamis
2. Cyclones
3. Krakatoas
4. Tidal Waves
5. Seismographs
Underwater mountains with flattened tops that never reach the surface are known as what?
1. Seamounts
2. Atolls
3. Volcanoes
4. Lagoons
5. Guyots
What has been the primary reason for the decline in Polar Bear numbers?
1. Lack of the polar bear's main food supplies.
2. Overhunting
3. Global Warming
4. Increasingly cold winters in the Arctic over the past 50 years.
5. The breakup of the polar ice cap has left many of them stranded or drowned.
What is the main difficulty to bringing up the valuable nodules located on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean?
1. There is no difficulty. They are mined each year in great quantities.
2. Without adequate light it is difficult to spot them in the deep ocean.
3. They lie in water so deep they cannot be easily retrieved.
4. They weigh so much that it is difficult to get strong enough cable to bring them up.
5. They are easily damaged and difficult to bring up in their pure form.
What is the asthenosphere?
1. The Earth's rigid outer crust.
2. The solid inner core of the Earth.
3. The molten outer core surrounding the Earth's nickel and iron inner core.
4. The uppermost layer of the Earth's mantle.
5. The highest layer of the Earth's atmosphere.
Which of the rivers below has the highest tidal bores in the world?
1. The Amazon River
2. The Nile River
3. The Mississippi River
4. The Rhone River
5. The Columbia River
What is the name that scientists give to the original supercontinent that made up all the land mass of Earth 200 million years ago?
1. Laurasia
2. Gondwanaland
3. Gaia
4. Eurasia
5. Pangaea
Only magnesium and bromine are currently extracted commercially from ocean water. Why only these two minerals?
1. Because they collect at the bottom of the ocean naturally and are easy to collect.
2. Because it is easier to get the other minerals from mines on land.
3. Because these are the only two minerals found in seawater.
4. Because there is concern that extracting other minerals would result in damage to life in the oceans.
5. Because it is not possible to extract the other minerals.
What is the name of the piece of oceanographic equipment designed to free-float while remaining at any chosen depth?
1. The Nansen Bottle
2. The Swallow Buoy
3. The Hovercraft
4. The Bathythermograph
5. The Coriolis Broach
Although 71% of the Earth's crust is covered by salt water, how much of that is deep oceanic basin?
1. Two-thirds
2. One-quarter
3. One-Third
4. One-half
5. Three-quarters
Who was the oceanographer who theorized in 1955 that a countercurrent flowed beneath the Gulf Stream?
1. Dr. John Swallow
2. Sir Isaac Newton
3. Henry Stommel
4. Townsend Cromwell
5. Matthew Fontaine Maury
Which of the following is NOT the name of a Pacific volcanic island chain?
1. Society
2. New Guinea
3. Gilbert
4. Caroline
5. Samoan
In what part of the oceans do most of the sea vegetation and saltwater fishes and animals exist?
1. The continental slopes.
2. There is an even distribution of life throughout all of the areas of the oceans.
3. The continental shelves
4. The deep ocean floor.
5. The abyss
What is the general texture of continental shelves?
1. Smooth terrain
2. There is not a regular texture.
3. Rough terrain
4. Irregular slopes
5. Repeating patters of ridges and valleys.
The Portuguese man-of-war belongs to what type of marine invertebrate group?
1. Jellyfish
2. Hydroids
3. Sea Anemones
4. Bristleworms
5. Mollusks
Which of the sea animals listed below is an example of a jawless marine animal type?
1. Mammals
2. Fish
3. Reptiles
4. Hagfish.
5. Birds